The invention relates to an empirical mode decomposition based method for acquiring image characteristics and measuring corresponding physical parameters, belonging to the field of image processing. In order to solve the problem that the traditional method for extracting image characteristics on the basis of image segmentation extracts image characteristics and measures relevant parameters with low accuracy since characteristic layers can not be separated due to uneven imaging objects and image noise, the invention comprises the steps of: 1. carrying out self-adaptation gray level tension to form high-contract images; 2. carrying out empirical mode decomposition to obtain IMF1; 3. carrying out gradient conversion and watershed segmentation on the IMF1 to obtain a closed continuous characteristic curve; 4. scanning twice to obtain sampling points of an upper boarder and a lower boarder; 5. fitting by using least square to extract complete characteristic layer of an image to be detected; and 6. horizontally scanning the curve subjected to fitting, evenly extracting a plurality of sampling points to obtain a difference value of the upper boarder and the lower boarder, which is a physical parameter.