The invention relates to a method for comprehensively recycling valuable compositions of rare earth, iron, niobium and fluorite in rare-earth tailings, and belongs to the fields of comprehensive resource utilization technologies and mineral processing engineering. The rare earth, the iron, the niobium and the fluorite in the rare-earth tailings are efficiently and comprehensively recycled by the method including 'grinding the rare-earth tailings, performing low-intensity magnetic separation, performing high-intensity magnetic separation on weak-intensity magnetic tailings, performing flotation on high-intensity magnetic tailings to obtain fluorite in the high-intensity magnetic tailings, performing flotation separation on high-intensity magnetic concentrates to obtain rare earth, iron and niobium in the high-intensity magnetic concentrates, reducing and roasting base flows, performing low-intensity magnetic separation to obtain iron and niobium in the base flows and performing flotation on low-intensity magnetic tailings to obtain niobium in the low-intensity magnetic tailings according to characteristics that the rare-earth tailings contain the various valuable compositions. Compared with a method for singly recycling one or two valuable compositions, the method has the advantages that the purpose of comprehensively recycling the valuable compositions in the rare-earth tailings can be effectively achieved, secondary resources can be sufficiently utilized, and the method has excellent economical and social benefits.