The invention discloses an emergency fault braking device of a drawbench. The emergency fault braking device mainly comprises a movable brake-leaning induction iron block, an induction probe, a 24-voltage direct-current power module, a PLC (programmable logic controller), a braking electromagnet, an alternating-current power supply and an indicating lamp, wherein under a normal condition, when a relative distance between the movable brake-leaning induction iron block and the induction probe is less than or equal to 1cm, the induction probe is in an operating state; when an operator finds a danger and pushes the movable brake-leaning induction iron block to enable the distance between the movable brake-leaning induction iron block and the induction probe to be more than 1cm, the induction probe stops outputting immediately, so that no signal is input into the point X0 of the PLC, and an inner program makes a response to enable the whole drawbench to stop working; meanwhile, an output Y0 is connected, and the braking electromagnet is closed, so that the braking device can quickly operate to quickly brake a motor of the drawbench. The emergency fault braking device is high in safety; switch-on operation and switch-off operation are executed without mechanical contact. The device works sensitively, is long in service life, has a low fault rate and waterproof, dustproof and anti-corrosion effects, and is suitable for long-term work in various severe environments.