The invention discloses a heat treatment method for an aluminum alloy anodic material of an aluminum battery. The method comprises the following steps: putting a plastically-deformed aluminum alloy into an electric resistance furnace with a temperature of 230 to 260 DEG C, maintaining the temperature for 3 to 6 hours, taking out the aluminum alloy, and cooling to the room temperature in the air. The heat treatment method has the advantages of simple technology method and convenient operation. Through controlling the annealing temperature and annealing time of the aluminum alloy and modulating the organization form and secondary phase distribution, the method can obtain an aluminum alloy material with excellent electrochemical comprehensive properties of stable negative working potential, low hydrogen releasing speed, and uniform corrosion. The heat treatment method is suitable for being applied in industry.