The invention discloses a gradual treatment and recovery method for secondary treatment effluent of printing and dyeing wastewater, and relates to the technical field of treatment of the printing and dyeing wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: (1) introducing secondary effluent into a reactor filled with mixed ion exchange resin; (2) adding an inorganic flocculating agent into the effluent treated in the step (1), stirring and performing ultrafiltration treatment, wherein water produced after the ultrafiltration treatment is taken as water for use in a general rinsing procedure in a printing and dyeing process; (3) supplying the water produced after the ultrafiltration treatment in the step (2) to a reverse osmosis system for further treatment, wherein water produced after the reverse osmosis treatment is taken as water for use in a burdening or dyeing procedure in the printing and dyeing process; (4) after finishing the treatment in the step (1), performing desorption regeneration on the mixed ion exchange resin, wherein the resin subjected to desorption regeneration is applicable for circular use. The secondary effluent can be gradually treated in an appropriate way according to different requirements of printing and dyeing production procedures on the water quality to obtain effluent of different water qualities, thereby realizing economic recovery of secondary effluent.