Device context-based user interface techniques are described. In one or more embodiments, a context is determined for a device based on a configuration of hardware associated with the device. When the configuration of hardware associated with the device changes, the context of the device may also change. Based on the determined context of the device, a user interface configuration may be selected for display. For example, when the device is connected to a mouse or a keyboard a user interface configuration may be selected that facilitates interactions performed substantially with a mouse and keyboard. However, when a mouse and keyboard are not connected to the device, but touch functionality of the device is used, a user interface configuration may be selected that facilitates interactions performed substantially using the touch functionality. A user interface for an application may be configured using the selected user interface configuration.