The invention discloses a picture operation method based on parallel computation and a picture operation system based on parallel computation, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: A, resolving data of a first picture and data of a second picture with a unified format into corresponding memory blocks, wherein the resolution ratio of each of the first picture and the second picture is mWidth*mHeight; B, creating input shared data buffer regions in one-to-one correspondence to the memory blocks, and copying data in each memory block into the corresponding input shared data buffer region; C, creating an output shared data buffer region to be used as an output buffer region for parallel computation; D, creating mHeight threads, and using a parallel computation function to execute a parallel computation operation; and E, copying the operation result into a CPU (Central Processing Unit) memory, and completing picture data filling. The method and the system have the advantages that a plurality of threads are used for simultaneously executing the parallel computation operation, i.e., the multi-thread operation is performed, so that compared with the conventional single-thread operation, the multi-thread operation has the effects that the operation efficiency is greatly improved, and the development speed is accelerated.