The present invention provides a K space data rapid acquisition and reconstruction method which integrates compressed sensing sampling technology to a neighborhood sharing sampling trajectory. The method is used for dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance fast imaging. The method comprises the random division of a K space, compressed sensing sampling matrix design, neighborhood shared compressed sensing sampling matrix acquisition, data collection based on a neighborhood shared compressed sensing method, and data reconstruction based on the neighborhood shared compressed sensing method. According to a sequence, the scanning speed can be improved further based on neighborhood sharing, a higher imaging time resolution and a higher image signal-noise ratio are obtained, the high image quality is ensured, and the method is more suitable for clinical dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.