The invention relates to a rare earth-copper-nickel-chromium multi-element co-penetration treatment method for an electrolytic aluminum anode steel claw protection ring, and relates to the technical field of metal surface chemical heat treatment. Firstly, oil removing, rust removing and other pretreatment are carried out on the steel ring, and then the steel claw protection ring is placed in a penetration tank containing a permeating agent to be subjected to multi-element co-penetration. A powder embedding method is adopted as the co-penetration method. The permeating agent is formed by mixing rare earth, copper powder, nickel powder, chromium powder, potassium fluoborate, ammonium chloride, lanthanum chloride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and the like. After the steel claw protection ring is arranged in the penetration tank, sealing treatment is conducted through refractory mortar or water glass, and then high-temperature co-penetration treatment is conducted. After heat preservation is conducted for a certain period of time, heating is stopped, the protection ring is cooled to the room temperature and then taken out, and thus required multi-element co-penetration treatment of the electrolytic aluminum anode steel claw protection ring is completed. Through the method, a corrosion-resistant protection layer can be formed on the surface of the steel claw protection ring in a high-temperature corrosion atmosphere and molten salt, corrosive media are effectively prevented from making contact with a steel claw, and the problem that the electrolytic aluminum anode steel claw is corroded by electrolyte cryolite when working in a high-temperature environment is solved.