The invention provides an arene extraction operation optimizing method, device and system. The arene extraction operation optimizing method includes the following steps that: an economic optimization target model is utilized to calculate the optimal raw material inlet flow rates, optimal reflux ratios and optimal solvent ratios of raw materials to be refined; and production operation commands carrying the optimal raw material inlet flow rates, optimal reflux ratios and optimal solvent ratios are transmitted to a controller, so that the controller can control a distillation tower to perform arene extraction according to the production operation commands. According to the arene extraction operation optimizing method of the invention, when raw materials to be refined are different, the economic optimization target model is utilized to calculate the optimal raw material inlet flow rates, optimal reflux ratios and optimal solvent ratios of corresponding raw materials to be refined, so that the distillation tower can perform arene extraction on each kind of raw material according to corresponding optimal raw material inlet flow rates, optimal reflux ratios and optimal solvent ratios assuredly, and therefore, it can be ensured that the distillation tower can perform effective arene extraction on each kind of raw material to be refined, and the yield rate of arene products can be improved.