The invention relates to enterobacter ludwigii BG10-1 and application thereof in biological prevention and control over aspergillus flavus. The enterobacter ludwigii BG10-1 is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) on January 7, 2016, the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M 2016014, and the classification name is EnterobacterLudwiggi BG10-1. The enterobacter ludwigii BG10-1 is obtained by being separated from peanut pods produced in Babu Town, Hezhou City, Guangxi Province. Through indoor confrontation and antagonism experiments, living body bacteriostasis and detoxification experiments and field prevention and control experiments, it is found that the strain is high in bacteriostatic capacity on the aspergillus flavus, easy to culture, free of contamination and safe to environment. By applying microbial fertilizer of the enterobacter ludwigii BG10-1, contamination of the aspergillus flavus to peanuts can be effectively prevented and controlled.