The invention provides a forest aboveground biomass inversion method fused with spectrum and texture features and a forest aboveground biomass inversion system fused with the spectrum and texture features. The method comprises the following steps of calculating an aboveground biomass of a research region sample plot so as to obtain a sample plot biomass observation value; performing geometric correction and radiometric correction on high-resolution remote-sensing image panchromatic data and multispectral data; respectively performing statistical regression on the sample plot biomass observation value and a corresponding spectrum feature vegetation index, and selecting a spectrum feature inversion model; extracting various texture feature variables under different windows, respectively performing statistical regression on the sample plot biomass observation value and the corresponding texture feature variables, and selecting a texture feature inversion model; determining a weight through a sensitivity analysis of a spectrum key factor and a texture key factor, constructing a spectrum texture feature combination inversion model of the biomass, and realizing the forest aboveground biomass inversion. The method and the system provided by the invention have the advantages that the spectrum features and the texture features are fused, and the advantages of the spectrum features and the texture features for biomass inversion are fully exerted, so that the quantitative inversion precision of a forest aboveground biomass is effectively improved.