The invention discloses a navigation positioning method based on ultra short base line (USBL). According to the navigation positioning method, ultra short base line positioning information of an underwater unmanned untethered underwater robot (underwater robot) is sent to the underwater robot via a sound communication machine so as to realize integrated navigation of the underwater robot. The navigation positioning method comprises two steps: firstly, USBL is adopted for tracking and positioning of the underwater robot, and positioning information is sent to the underwater robot via the sound communication machine; and secondly, the positioning information is received by the underwater robot, and state updating of navigation algorithm is carried out via motion compensation. Operation of the navigation positioning method is simple; and USBL positioning information can be used for realizing underwater robot integrated navigation accurately and effectively, so that underwater navigation positioning accuracy of underwater robots is increased further.