Embodiments of the present invention provide a random access method, a network device and a user equipment. The random access method provided in the present invention comprises: a network device receives identification information sent by a user equipment (UE) according to an access state; the network device allocates a first access network identifier to the UE according to the identification information; the network device sends the first access network identifier to the UE; and the network device allocates resources to the UE according to the first access network identifier. The embodiments of the present invention can reduce signaling overheads of the UE accessing the network device.