The invention relates to a multiple RT-PCR method for fast detecting four kinds of pepper viruses, and belongs to the field of virus detection.According to the method, specific primer pairs, namely, CMV-F/R, PMMoV-F/R, BBWV-F/R and TMV-F/R are designed and synthesized aiming at the nucleotide conserved sequences of the four kinds of viruses, multiple RT-PCR system optimization is carried out on the primer concentration, Mg2+ concentration, Taq DNA polymerase concentration, dNTPs concentration, annealing temperature and other aspects influencing multiple RT-PCR amplification, and the detecting method capable of detecting field samples compositely infected by the viruses of CMV, PMMoV, BBWV and TMV in pepper tissue at the same time is built.According to the multiple RT-PCR detecting method, the pepper poisoned condition can be detected fast, accurately, conveniently and economically so that effective prevention measures can be taken as early as possible, and very important significance is achieved on control of diseases in the field, reduction of economic losses, screening of disease resistance and predication of disease epidemiology.