The invention discloses a random number generation and verification method with both sides in participation. The method comprises steps: both a random number generation side and a random number using side provide a middle random number respectively as a generation parameter for a final random number, wherein the final random number is generated by the random number generation side; when the using side doubts the random number provided by the generation side, a verification request is sent to the generation side, the generation side sends a verification message to the using side, the using side calculates the random number again according to the received verification message and compares the re-calculated random number with the original received random number, and in the case of consistency, both sides are in participation in generation of the random number, and the generation side does not maliciously change the random number. Randomness and authenticity of verifying the random number at any time by the random number using side can be met, fairness of both sides can be ensured, benefits of each side are effectively ensured, and a practical random number generation scheme is provided.