The present disclosure advantageously provides apparatus, systems and methods which facilitate estimating and accounting for illumination conditions, viewing conditions and reflectance characteristics for imaged surfaces when performing color measurement, correction and/or transformation in an imaging process, such as photography. Advantageously, the disclosed apparatus, systems and methods may utilize a set of one or more illumination target elements for extrapolating illumination conditions from an imaged scene. The disclosure may be used to improve determination of color correction/transformation parameters and/or to facilitate determining a reflectance model for a target surface of interest.