The invention provides a light cone-based portable optical flow control type micro-imaging device and a system, and belongs to the field of biomedical detection. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the portable optical flow control type micro-imaging device and the system thereof are high in resolution and are portable. The device and the system comprise an imaging optical attachment for the enhanced display of images, and a processing algorithm for further improving the image display effect. The device and the system can be widely applied to the detection of common pathogenic bacteria in the biomedical field, and overcome the defect that a conventional optical microscopy is large in size, cumbersome in focusing and complex in image transmission in the prior art. Therefore, the device and the system have a good application prospect.