The invention discloses an ocean pasture platform-based microwave observation system, which belongs to the technical field of oceans. The system comprises a water platform, a submarine observation platform, a monitoring control center and a microwave transmission link. Sensor data and a submarine live video are integrated via the submarine observation platform and then transmitted to a platform control system on the water platform via a submarine cable and then transmitted to a shore-based microwave base station via a remote microwave relay station arranged on the water platform, the shore-based microwave base station transmits the data to the monitoring control center via a ground transmission network, and an instruction of the monitoring control center is sequentially issued to the water platform and the submarine observation platform and remote control is realized. Through designing the submarine observation platform and arranging the submarine communication cable, the problems of underwater system integrated energy supply and data transmission can be solved, long-term, real-time, online, stable and automatic monitoring on ocean factors such as the ecological environment is realized, and the visual, measurable and controllable ocean pasture ecological environment is realized.