The invention discloses an anti-reverse connection protection circuit, which is applied to a bus device. The bus device comprises multiple paths of switches, a first bus terminal and a second bus terminal, wherein the front end of each path of switch is connected with a photovoltaic string branch; the anti-reverse connection protection circuit comprises a control unit, a voltage detection unit and at least one switch unit. When voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is greater than first preset voltage, namely the photovoltaic string branch connected with the switch corresponding to the voltage is normal, the switch unit corresponding to the photovoltaic string branch is controlled to be closed, so that the fault of each photovoltaic string branch under the abnormal conditions of reverse connection of a positive electrode and a negative electrode and the like is avoided.