The invention discloses an internal situation-observable rotary compressor, comprising a shell, a pump and a filtering bottle, wherein the upper and lower ends of the shell are respectively provided with a top cover and a bottom cover; the pump is arranged at the lower part of the inner side of the shell; the filtering bottle is positioned at the outer side of the shell, and the lower end of the filtering bottle is connected with the shell through a connecting pipe; the sidewall of the lower part of the shell is provided with a first window assembly and a second window assembly allowing the internal situation of the compressor to be observable; and pipe wall of the upper part of an outer pipe of the filtering bottle is provided with a third window assembly, and the pipe wall of the lower part of the outer pipe of the filtering bottle is provided with a fourth window assembly. The internal situation-observable rotary compressor provided by the invention is reasonable in structural design and good in practicality, can realize visual observation and rapid determination of the amount of machine oil needed by the compressor, greatly shortens testing time, saves manpower and material resources and promotes the progress of research and development of a product.