The invention discloses a garlic planting cup realizing directional planting and a garlic planting machine. The garlic planting machine comprises direction control cups and garlic planting cups, each of the direction control cups and the garlic planting cups comprises a fixed portion and a movable portion which can be opened and closed relative to the fixed portion, cross section of each direction control cup is oval or oval-like or diamond, and long-axis direction of the oval or the oval-like or diamond shape in the cross section is perpendicular to planting direction of the machine where the corresponding direction control cup is positioned to ensure a dorsoventral connecting line of garlic to be parallel to opening direction of the movable portion of the direction control cup. By enabling the dorsoventral connecting line of garlic flakes to be parallel to seeding and ditching direction, distribution direction of plant leaves after seedling emergency is perpendicular to direction of seeding rows, so that overlapping of leaf tips can be reduced, the leaves can receive more sunlight, accumulation of photosynthesis can be enhanced, and crop productivity can be improved. In addition, by using the garlic planting cup and the garlic planting machine, erect planting of abnormal-tip garlic can be realized, and popularization significance is great.