The invention relates to a method for breeding low-temperature-tolerant strain of Argopecten irradias hybrid-backcrossed scallops, characterized by including: selecting individuals that are high in growth speed and tolerance to low temperatures from Argopecten irradias and Argopecten purpuratus hybrid first-generation family line or population as breed scallops; backcrossing the individuals having high tolerance to low temperatures in the hybrid first generation with semen of Argopecten irradias to establish a backcrossed family line or population; finally, performing breeding of low-temperature-tolerant breeding core population at least three times to develop a low-temperature-tolerant strain. The Argopecten irradias and Argopecten purpuratus hybrid first-generation high in growth speed and significant in hybridization advantage is used as a female parent that is backcrossed with Argopecten irradias (male parent) to gather cold-tolerant genes of Argopecten irradias to the Argopecten irradias hybrid backcrossed first-generation, the individuals having high tolerance to low temperatures in the Argopecten irradias hybrid backcrossed first-generation are used as a breeding core population, the breed core population is subjected to continuous three generations of low-temperature-tolerant breeding, and the strain can tolerate a low temperature down to 0 DEG C and grows 15% higher than Argopecten irradias. It is apparent that the method is simple and convenient to perform and is widely applicable to the breeding of low-temperature-tolerant strains of hybrid scallops.