The invention discloses a powder vortex dispersing apparatus. The powder vortex dispersing apparatus comprises a pump seat, an air spray nozzle, a hopper and a dispersing pipe, wherein the air spray nozzle and the dispersing pipe are coaxially communicated with each other and arranged at two ends of the pump seat, a spray opening is formed in the front end of the air spray nozzle, the pump seat, which is positioned between the spray opening and the dispersing pipe, is provided with an adsorption cavity, the hopper is installed at the upper end of the pump seat, an outlet of the hopper is communicated with the adsorption cavity, and an inner cavity of the dispersing pipe is expanded outwards to be provided with at least one vortex ring. The invention also discloses a powder vortex dispersing method. The dispersing apparatus is simple in structure; sample powder is mixed a jet flow under the traction of negative pressure to enter the dispersing pipe, and the vortex ring is arranged in the inner cavity of the dispersing pipe; when the jet flow penetrates through the dispersing pipe, air in the vortex ring is driven to rotate to form a vortex, and the sample powder enters the vortex ring and produces friction with the wall of the vortex ring under the action of the centrifugal force so as to be primarily dispersed; and when the sample powder leaves the vortex ring, the sample powder collides with other sample powder or an inner wall of the dispersing pipe so as to be secondarily dispersed, so that the dispersing effect is very good.