The invention discloses an intelligent linear walking robot which comprises a frame, a controller, a cleaning mechanism, a walking mechanism and a balancing mechanism, wherein the controller, the cleaning mechanism, the walking mechanism and the balancing mechanism are arranged on the frame, the controller is used for controlling the cleaning mechanism, the walking mechanism and the balancing mechanism, and the balancing mechanism comprises a balancing detector, balancing guide rails and balancing weights. The balancing detector and the balancing guide rails are fixed onto the frame, and the balancing weights are slidably arranged on the balancing guide rails. The robot is adjusted by the balancing mechanism in the walking process and kept linearly walking, and the adjusting structure is simple.