The invention provides an LTE-A carrier wave aggregation component carrier wave distribution method based on CQI. The method comprises the following steps of according to a coupling loss CL of a carrier wave, a component carrier wave CC is divided into a primary cell carrier wave PCC and a supplemented cell carrier wave SCC; calculating a channel quality indication CQI value of each current component carrier wave CC; directly mapping an effective signal-to-interference and noise ratio to the channel quality indication CQI; and arranging the calculated channel quality indication CQI values according to a sequence from high to low, and when a user carries out data transmission, firstly accessing the component carrier wave with the high CQI value, which means that the component carrier wave with a good channel condition is preferentially used to carry out data transmission. By using the method of the invention, a frequency spectrum utilization rate and a system throughput capacity can be increased; and satisfaction of a direct user is improved.