The invention discloses a sludge treatment method adopting a combined action of fiber physical reinforcement and chemical solidification and belongs to the technical field of sludge treatment. The method comprises steps as follows: reinforcement material fibers are mixed into sludge firstly, the mixture is fully stirred for mechanical dehydration, then clay, quartz sand and cement are mixed into the sludge, the mixture is stirred uniformly and cured, and the sludge is solidified or stabilized. The method has the advantages as follows: first of all, by means of mixing of the fibers, the compression capacity of the sludge can be improved, the mechanical dehydration efficiency and the solidification effect of the sludge are significantly improved, and the fibers left in the sludge provide a flexible skeleton for the subsequent sludge solidification or stabilization process, and the strength of a sludge solidified body is effectively improved; next, the added clay and quartz sand can increase the content of an inorganic binder in the sludge and improve the solidification effect of the cement. Besides, clay minerals in the clay have certain adsorption effect on heavy metal in the sludge, and the quartz san can further improve the mechanical acting mode and transmission efficiency of the interface between the fibers and the sludge.