The present disclosure provides an uplink scheduling method in an unlicensed frequency band based on a dynamic frame structure, an uplink scheduling device and a base station. Each frame structure includes uplink and downlink subframes, and same type of a subframe continuity settings, the method includes: determining whether a currently used frame structure in an unlicensed frequency band needs to be reconfigured; when reconfiguration is not required, determining an uplink subframe to be scheduled on each downlink subframe according to the currently used frame structure; when reconfiguration is required, determining an uplink subframe to be scheduled on each downlink subframe in a last radio frame before a reconfiguration time point according to a first frame structure used before the reconfiguration time point and a second frame structure to be used; transmitting a scheduling instruction for the uplink subframe to be scheduled on each downlink subframe.