The present disclosure provides an acceleration method, a device, and a system for P2P data. The method includes: receiving an authorization information packet sent by a client, and acquiring a file identifier of the authorization information packet, where the file identifier corresponds to a file requested for downloading by the client; based on the file identifier, obtaining identification information of a target cache acceleration device corresponding to the file identifier through a preset algorithm; replacing original destination identification information of the authorization information packet with identification information of the target cache acceleration device; and sending the authorization information packet to the target cache acceleration device based on the replaced identification information of the authorization information packet. The present disclosure solves the technical issue in existing P2P cache acceleration techniques that load balancing can hardly be performed on various caching devices when the proxy device and the cache acceleration device are separately deployed.