The invention discloses a data receiving method and device based on a clustering structure wireless sensor network. The method and the device are applied to the clustering structure wireless sensor network. Prediction and approximation are carried out on data collected by nodes through utilization of a prediction model, and energy consumption of node devices is reduced by suppressing node data transmission. According to the scheme, on the premise of satisfying application demands, the in-network data transmission quantity can be effectively reduced, the energy consumption of the nodes can be reduced, and a life cycle of the network is improved.