The invention belongs to the field of treatment of industrial water. An aerobic treatment method for drilling wastewater comprises the following steps: (a) acclimatizing aerobic degrading bacteria; (b) feeding the bacteria at the first time: feeding 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the aerobic degrading bacteria, 20 percent of aerobic activated sludge and 20 to 30 percent of biological stuffing into aerobic treatment equipment according to the volume of the aerobic treatment equipment; (c) performing biofilm culturing treatment: feeding air into the aerobic treatment equipment, feeding supernate of diluted drilling wastewater into the aerobic treatment equipment every day, and controlling the CODcr value of the wastewater in the aerobic treatment equipment at 500 to 1,000 mg/L until biological zooglea appears; (d) supplementing the aerobic degrading bacteria; (e) performing settling; introducing water discharged from the aerobic treatment equipment into an aerobic settling pool for settling. According to the aerobic treatment method, the degrading effect of the drilling wastewater can be enhanced.