The invention provides a three-dimensional optical network-on-chip based on a ring control optical network and a communication method thereof for solving the technical problems of singleness of a wavelength using method and the like in the prior art. The three-dimensional optical network-on-chip comprises an electric layer, an optical transmission network layer and an optical control network layer, wherein the electric layer comprises N clusters, the optical transmission network layer comprises N transmitting/ receiving units connected by a ring transmission optical waveguide, the optical control network layer comprises N control units connected with a ring notice optical waveguide and a ring arbitration optical waveguide respectively, the three layers form a stacked structure, and the three-dimensional optical network-on-chip is formed by connecting TSV (Through Silicon Vias) with a TSV pad; the three-dimensional optical network-on-chip dynamically adjusts the quantity of wavelengths used when data packets are transmitted according to the length of the data packets and the magnitude of a network load, and arbitrates wavelength resources used when data packets are transmitted in a manner of absorbing or releasing optical pulse signals, thereby realizing intra-cluster communication, inter-cluster communication and multicast/ broadcast communication between IP cores.