The invention discloses a harmonic distortion measurement method and system based on continuous logarithmic swept response, which has the advantage of relatively good accuracy. The harmonic distortion measurement method based on continuous logarithmic swept response comprises the following steps: the harmonic distortion measurement method based on continuous logarithmic swept response is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence: S1, setting a sweep frequency signal parameter, and generating a sweep frequency signal and an inverse signal of the sweep frequency signal; S2, stimulating a measured system by the sweep frequency signal, and synchronously collecting an output signal of the measured system; S3, carrying out deconvolution on the output signal and the inverse signal to obtain a pulse sequence; S4, setting a delay window function, and interrupting pulse responses caused by various orders of harmonics from the pulse sequence; S5, solving the pulse responses of the various orders of harmonics in the time domain; and S6, converting to the frequency domain to calculate the amplitude frequency responses of the harmonics, and obtaining total harmonic distortion and/or various orders of harmonic distortion according to the amplitude frequency responses.