The invention discloses a high-temperature superconducting strip surface defect quality control method and a high-temperature superconducting strip surface defect detection system. According to the invention, whether the high-temperature superconducting strip is qualified is judged or the high-temperature superconducting strip is classified by calculating the current blocking rate, serving as the quality control index of the high-temperature superconducting strip, of the defect on the high-temperature superconducting strip, and the influence of the defect on the performance of the high-temperature superconducting strip can be reflected accurately, so that the judgment result is more accurate, the qualified products can be prevented from being discarded, the unqualified products can be prevented from entering the next process, the production cost is reduced and the yield of the products is increased.