The invention relates to a method for acquiring nerve cells from fibroblasts by utilizing a serum-free medium. The invention mainly relates to the method which comprises the following steps: adding a little amount of serum-replacing additive, tyrosine kinase growth factor and small molecule compound into a cellular basal culture medium so as to acquire a novel serum-free medium and utilizing the novel serum-free medium to directly convert somatic cells from different sources into nerve cells. The serum-free medium prepared according to the method provided by the invention can be used for directly converting the somatic cells from different sources into nerve cells under the condition without exogenous transcription factor high expression. Technical support can be supplied to the application of the nerve cells in clinic disease treatment.