The invention provides a method and system for assessing influence of aerosol scattering on the CO2 remote sensing detection precision. The method includes: establishing an aerosol particle scattering parameter database, an aerosol mode data set, a CO2 parameter database, and a forward direction radiation transfer calculation model; and determining the error of the CO2 remote sensing detection precision due to aerosol scattering in a region to be assessed according to the established aerosol particle scattering parameter database, the established aerosol mode data set, the established CO2 parameter database, and the established forward direction radiation transfer calculation model. The method and the system can accurately assess the influence of aerosol scattering on the CO2 remote sensing detection precision.