The invention discloses a device and method for rapid film culturing of wastewater biofilms, and belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment. For the problems of long film culturing time, weak firmness and easy falling of the wastewater biofilms in the prior art, the invention provides the device and method for the rapid film culturing of the wastewater biofilms. The device for the rapid film culturing of the wastewater biofilms comprises an MBBR, a water inlet tank is connected at the front end of the MBBR through a dosing pump, a sedimentation tank is connected at the rear end of the MBBR, an air pump supplies air for the MBBR through a pipeline, and an aerator is arranged at the bottom of the MBBR. The method for the rapid film culturing of the wastewater biofilms comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a filler with immobilized red sphingomonas; (2) carrying out aeration treatment; (3) adding the filler in the MBBR which is aerated, and adding a certain amount of the filler to an original reactor; (4) maintaining the aeration rate and a corresponding pH value until the required biofilms are obtained. By adopting the device and method for the rapid film culturing of the wastewater biofilms, the effects of the rapid film culturing speed, firm biofilms and low falling possibility can be realized.