Disclosed is a calibration method for a finger vein identification apparatus. The method comprises the following steps: using an infrared image sensor of a finger vein identification apparatus to collect L respective finger vein images of N persons in a current state, wherein N≥2 and L≥1 (S101); calculating Gaussian distribution parameters of section pixel grayscale values of the N*L finger vein images, wherein the section pixel grayscale values of each of the finger vein images comply with a Gaussian distribution (S102); by means of formula (1), calculating a Gamma mapping coefficient of the infrared image sensor, wherein (μs, σs) and γs are pre-set standard values of the finger vein identification apparatus; (μ, σ) is a Gaussian distribution parameter obtained in the previous steps; and γ is a Gamma mapping coefficient of the infrared image sensor (S103); and according to the Gamma mapping coefficient obtained by means of calculation, adjusting a mapping relationship between a pixel input value f and a pixel output value f1 obtained by the infrared image sensor in the current state, and the finger vein identification apparatus then identifying the adjusted pixel output value f1, so as to obtain an identification result (S104). The calibration method can effectively reduce the influence of factors, such as the climate, temperature and illumination of different regions, on the identification success rate of the finger vein identification apparatus.