The invention discloses a device for improving material laser marking quality and efficiency. The device comprises a laser device used for emitting lasers, a beam expanding lens located behind the laser device, an adjustable beam splitting device located behind the beam expanding lens, a high-velocity scanning galvanometer located behind the adjustable beam splitting device, a telecentric flat field lens located behind the high-velocity scanning galvanometer, a machining platform located behind the telecentric flat field lens and a computer; the adjustable beam splitting device is used for conducting beam splitting on laser beams; and the computer controls the laser device, the high-velocity scanning galvanometer and the machining platform to conduct marking on to-be-machined pieces. According to the device, the solid laser device serves as a light source, so that the material marking quality and accuracy are improved; the adjustable beam splitting device is additionally arranged in a light path, and the laser beams are divided into a plurality of beams of light spots with adjustable spot sizes and distances; real-time adjustment of a hollow motor is used for keeping mutual perpendicular between the multiple divided light beams and the marking direction; and meanwhile, marking is carried out, and the material marking quality and accuracy are improved.