The invention discloses a device and a method for automatically calibrating indication errors of scraper fineness gauges in a non-contact manner. The device is characterized in that a two-dimensional movement platform is arranged on a marble base, a positioning groove is fixedly formed in the two-dimensional movement platform in a loaded manner and can be driven by the two-dimensional movement platform to horizontally bidirectionally linearly move, a scraper fineness gauge can be mounted in the positioning groove, a motor driving mechanism is fixed onto the marble base and is positioned on a side of the two-dimensional movement platform, a longitudinal movement data acquisition mechanism is mounted on the motor driving mechanism and can be driven by the motor driving mechanism to move up and down, and the two-dimensional movement platform can horizontally move, so that the surfaces of the scraper fineness gauge can be detected by sensors on the longitudinal movement data acquisition mechanism, and detection can be carried out; monitoring can be fed by the aid of a laser displacement sensor, the motor driving mechanism can longitudinally move up and down under the control, and the scraper fineness gauge can be roughly positioned in a working distance range of a spectrum confocal displacement sensor and can be accurately measured by the spectrum confocal displacement sensor in a sub-micron level. The device and the method have the advantages of simple structure, high measurement efficiency and accurate and reliable measurement results.