The invention discloses a method for rapid detection of melamine by using a molecularly imprinted test strip. A melamine molecularly imprinted polymer prepared by using a chemical polymerization method is immobilized on a test strip; melamine in a sample and melamine labeled by glucose oxidase compete with each other during a composite reaction with imprinted holes; melamine labeled by glucose oxidase on a reactive molecularly-imprinted membrane is replaced by melamine; with decrease of glucose oxidase, the amount of hydrogen peroxide produced by oxidation of glucose in a base solution decreases, the amount of oxidized phloxine also decreases, and fluorescence intensity accordingly decreases during detection with a fluorescence method; the melamine concentration in a range of 1.0 * 10<-9> mol/L to 1.0 * 10<-4> mol/L and the decrement of the fluorescence intensity form a good logarithmic relationship; and a detection limit is 9.0 * 10<-10> mol/L, and rapid detection of melamine is realized. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of easiness, rapidness, low cost, accuracy, reliability and the like, and is suitable for rapid detection of melamine in milk samples.