The invention discloses a method for optimizing parameters of a contact line and a pantograph based on sensitivity analysis. According to bow-net contact pressure during running of a high speed train, the existing problem is analyzed, level value design of the parameters is carried out through central composite design, and multi-factor and five-level parameters are obtained; an Spearman rank correlation coefficient method is adopted to compute correlation coefficients between the parameters of the contact line and the pantograph and the contact pressure to judge the correlation; and an Sobol method is adopted to compute sensitivity coefficients of the parameters of the contact line and the pantograph about the contact pressure, judge the impact of the parameters on the contact pressure and determine an optimization order of the parameters when the bow-net parameter optimization is carried out, after each index meets relevant standard requirements, optimization is ended and all bow-net parameter values are output. The method has reasonable optimization, and the parameters of the contact line and the pantograph can be adjusted quickly and reasonably, so that the contact pressure of the parameters of the contact line and the pantograph can be controlled reasonably.