The invention discloses a rod part machining loading and unloading mechanism. The mechanism comprises a frame, and a loading frame and an unloading frame arranged on two sides of the frame; the frame is provided with multiple sets of feeding rollers capable of synchronously lifting and multiple ejecting plates capable of synchronously lifting in a part conveying direction at intervals; the feeding rollers are provided with grooves for limiting parts; the top surfaces of the ejecting plates are inclined surface structures, and one ends near the loading frame are higher than the other ends; clamping grooves are formed in the ejecting plates, and are eccentric to the grooves; the clamping grooves are arranged corresponding to one sides, near the loading frame, of the grooves; and a pressing roller is arranged above a discharge end of the frame in a lifting manner. The rod part machining loading and unloading mechanism is high in automation degree, saves labors, is delicate in design, improves the production efficiency, and reduces the production cost.