The invention discloses a tundish centering detection and control system and method, and the system comprises a tundish. The interior of the system is provided with a data collection unit, and the data collection unit comprises a laser range finder, a weight sensor, a horizontal sensor, a coding cable, a 3D laser, and a camera. The output end of the data collection unit is electrically connected with the input end of a signal amplifier, and the output end of the signal amplifier is electrically connected with the input end of an A/D converter. The output end of the A/D converter is electrically connected with the input end of a programmable logic controller. The system gives an alarm through an alarm unit and guides workers or automatically controls the tundish to correct the corresponding deviation if the lateral deviation of a water outlet of the tundish is greater than or equal to the lateral allowed deviation of the water outlet of the tundish, or the longitudinal deviation of the water outlet of the tundish is greater than or equal to the longitudinal allowed deviation of the water outlet of the tundish or the inclination angle of an immersed water outlet of the tundish exceeds an installation allowed deflection angle of the immersed water outlet.