The present invention relates to a fractional order differential-based staged space tethered capture device attitude stabilization control method. According to the method, the attitude stabilization controller of the recovery stage of a space tethered capture device is designed in a staged manner according to the features of a tether recovery stage, the design of the controller is more fuel-efficient and can avoid the collision of a space platform and a tail end capture device at the later period of the recovery stage; the fractional order differential controller is faster in input response and is small in overshoot compared with an integer-order controller; and when fractional order differential calculation is performed, a state at a previous time point is memorized, and therefore, with the controller provided by the invention adopted, a tether can be recovered more stably at the later period of the recovery stage with a recovery speed and a capture device attitude angle ensured.