The invention discloses a real-time monitoring method for material boundary pollution in an earth and rockfill dam filling and construction process. The method comprises the following steps of: utilizing a camera to carry out real-time monitoring on a dam surface material boundary; analyzing real-time monitoring data, and determining a deviation between the practical demarcation line of dam surface material spreading and a dam surface material spreading design demarcation line; according to the deviation between the practical demarcation line of dam surface material spreading and the dam surface material spreading design demarcation line, carrying out dynamic regulation and control on site construction; and carrying out statistic analysis on the monitoring achievement of the material boundary pollution. By use of the method, on-line monitoring and feedback control can be carried out on the dam surface material spreading process of the earth and rockfill dam, the dam surface material boundary pollution is still under a real controlled state so as to exhibit a great significance for guaranteeing construction quality for realizing the delicacy management of engineering construction.