A navigation marking graph recognition method based on laser data belongs to the technical field of autonomous navigation of mobile robots. The invention provides a navigation marking graph based on laser data to provide navigation in a three-dimensional scene under non-visible light and to solve the problems, such as high recognition error due to poor light. A distortionless reflection value graph provided herein can provide a clear two-dimensional image description for three-dimensional laser data, and by processing through the algorithms such as filtering and binarization, it is possible to accurately acquire information that the marking graph presents. The navigation marking graph recognition method based on laser data is applicable to the field of artificial intelligence, such as autonomous navigation and environmental adaptability of a mobile robot in indoor and outdoor environments.