The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing information science, and specifically relates to a SiO2 content quantitative calculation method suitable for thermal infrared hyperspectral remote sensing. The method comprises: thermal infrared hyperspectral remote sensing data pretreatment; thermal infrared hyperspectral remote sensing data atmospheric correction; thermal infrared hyperspectral remote sensing data temperature/emissivity separation; SiO2 content quantitative calculation empirical formula determination; and SiO2 content graph acquisition. According to the present invention, the technical problem that the total precision of the existing remote sensing technology on the SiO2 content quantitative calculation is not high is solved, the SiO2 content in the research area can be rapidly and accurately extracted so as to effectively find the high SiO2 band and the corresponding fracture, and with the different SiO2 contents, the lithological difference in the large range can be distinguished so as to easily perform the initial work of the geological mapping.