The invention belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, and relates to a small cell opening method based on business loads and calculation of the shortest average distance. The method is characterized in that whether a small cell opening action is to be carried out or not is firstly judged through business load information; in the case of a large number of candidate closed small cells, a group of small cells with the largest business load, which may include macro cells, are then found out through the technical characteristics of CoMP; and the small cell, which is away from the group of the small cells by the shortest average distance, is finally selected from the candidate closed small cells as a target to be opened. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the implementation is simple, the amount of exchanged information is small, and the closed small cells can remain closed as long as possible; and meanwhile, the multiple closed small cells can be screened optimally to meet the requirements of network business volume changes, and the most appropriate small cell can be quickly opened.