The invention provides a method for synthesizing (R)-2-chloropropionic acid by a solid acid catalysis and trans-esterification reaction based on UIO-66. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of a solid acid catalyst SO4<2>/UIO-66; and (2) preparation of (R)-2-chloropropionic acid. According to the method, UIO-66 is adopted as a solid acid catalyst of a substrate, the catalyst has strong acidity, so that the catalyst can effectively catalyze the trans-esterification reaction for synthesizing (R)-2-chloropropionic acid, the transformation rate is higher than 98%, side effects are less, and the catalyst can be used repeatedly, and therefore, the generation of tailings is effectively avoided, the production cost is lowered, and environmental protection is facilitated.